Understanding the Basics of Solar Energy

Estimated read time 4 min read

Solar power refers to the energy harnessed from the sun which comes in the form of electricity or heat. There are various methods used to capture solar energy, with the prevalent approach being through solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. 

These systems convert sunlight into usable electrical power. Alongside photovoltaics, solar thermal energy or concentrating solar power (CSP) is also used to heat liquids or indoor spaces. 

That said, both residential and commercial property owners have the option to incorporate solar hot water systems and passive solar heating designs to effectively tap into the sun’s energy potential using solar technology.

How Solar Panels Work

A solar panel is made of several components including silicon cells, a metal frame, a glass casing, and wiring for electric current transmission. 

Silicon plays a pivotal role in absorbing and converting sunlight into usable electricity. When light strikes a silicon cell, it triggers the movement of electrons within the silicon, initiating the flow of electric current. This phenomenon, known as the “photovoltaic effect,” forms the foundation of solar panel technology.

The fundamental principle behind generating electricity with solar panels is the photovoltaic effect which was discovered by Edmond Becquerel in 1839. This effect revolves around certain materials, called semiconductors, having the ability to generate an electric current when exposed to sunlight.

Here’s how it works:

  1. The silicon photovoltaic cell absorbs solar radiation.
  2. Interaction with the sun’s rays prompts the movement of electrons within the silicon cell, resulting in an electric current flow.
  3. Wires capture and channel this direct current (DC) electricity to a solar inverter for conversion into alternating current (AC) electricity.

A Renewable Power Source that’s Readily Available

Solar energy is a clean, cost-effective, and renewable energy source that can be harnessed in almost any part of the world. Basically, any location where sunlight reaches the Earth’s surface holds the potential for generating solar power. 

Since solar energy originates from the sun, it offers an inexhaustible supply of energy. Renewable energy technologies, including solar power, generate electricity from resources that are limitless and abundant.

Renewable resources like wind, solar, and hydropower do not deplete with use. Sunlight, for instance, continues to shine consistently on the Earth’s surface, allowing for ongoing electricity generation. This inherent characteristic of replenishment makes solar power a form of renewable energy.

Although the current energy mix in the United States is still heavily reliant on fossil fuels, the adoption of renewable energy sources like solar is steadily increasing. This shift is driven by the decreasing cost of solar technology, making it more competitive and appealing as an alternative energy source.

Choosing Solar Energy as Your Energy Source

Before you decide to install solar panels and transition to a more environmentally friendly energy source, you have to keep in mind that it’s not a one-size-fits-all solution. 

So, here are several questions you have to consider first to help determine if your home or business is well-suited for solar energy:

How much electricity do you use, and what are the electricity rates in your area? 

If you have high electricity consumption and pay a significant amount for it, solar can lead to substantial savings.

Do you own your property? 

Installing solar panels is more feasible for homeowners compared to those in multi-family homes or rental properties.

Is your roof suitable for solar installation? 

An ideal roof is spacious, in good condition, faces south for optimal sunlight exposure, and is relatively uncomplicated. If not, consider if you have available land for a ground-mounted system.

What incentives are offered in your locality? 

Local and state incentives, such as tax credits or rebates, can significantly reduce the upfront cost of your solar system and shorten the time it takes to recoup your investment.

By answering these questions, you can determine if solar energy is a viable and cost-effective option for your specific circumstances. Remember that the decision to switch to solar involves both financial considerations and the commitment to a cleaner and more sustainable energy source.

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